P 181 
.M283 
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The State of Maryland 



AND ITS ADVANTAGES FOR IMMIGRANTS, 
ESPECIALLY 

Farmers, Manufacturers 

;\ND 

Capitalists. 




PUBUSHEO BY 

THE STATE BUREAU OF IMMIGRATION, 

319 N. CHARLES STREET. 
BALTIMORE, MARYLAND, U. S. A. 



F 181 
.M283 
Copy 1 



o 




BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS. 

(1) DR. M. WHITEHILL, PRESIDENT. (2) WILLIAM T. P. TURPIN, SUPT. 

(3) HENRY S. MANCHA. (4) A. F. TRAPPE, SECRETARY. 



State of Maryland. 




Bureau of Immigration, 

BALTIMORE, MARYLAND, 
U. S. A. 

1908 



Hon. AUSTIN L. CROTHERS, Governor. 

BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS. 
Dr. M. WHITEHILL, President. 
WILLIAM T. P. TURPIN, Superintendent. 

HENRY S. MANCHA. 

A. F. TRAPPE, Secretary. '•', , 



The Sun Job Printing Office 
baltimore, md. 



D. OF Ok 
JI1N 8 1908 




A IKIME IX ANXE ARUNDEL COUNTY 




COUNTRY RESIDENCE IN BALTIMORE COUNTY 



PREFACE 



During many generations the struggle for existence has in- 
duced milh'ons of men in all parts of Europe, and among them 
many of tb.e most energetic and enterprising- of their natifjn- 
ality, to give up their calling and homes in the over-populated 
Old ^^^or]d and turn their thoughts to other and younger parts 
of the globe, as the surest and best means of bettering their 
fortunes and providing a future for their children such as the 
old country has ceased to afford. 

Of all trans-oceanic countries, Xorth America has always 
been, and still is, the land of predilection for the immigrant. 
The reasons for this are manifold and obvious. In the first 
place, the relatively short distance and, therefore, cheap trans- 
portation from Europe to America (considerably shorter than 
to any other country), is an important feature, especially for 
men with families. Then there is no other country that pos- 
sesses such a variety of soil, climate, products or population 
as that of the northern half of America. It can truthfully be 
said that every man who sets foot on the shores of this coun- 
try, no matter from what part of Europe he may come, can 
find here his native soil, the scenery with wdiich he has been 
familiar since his youth, people who speak his language and 
among whom he will feel at home. 

Another great advantage wdiich could not fail to attract 
immigrants is that this is at the same time a new countr}', 
where vast quantities of land of all kinds, of forests, of mines, 
etc., can be secured almost for the trouble of working them, 
and that it also has all the improvements of older civilized 
countries. The man who settles here does not enter a w^aste 
countrv where he has to do everything himself in order to 



8 ■ State of Maryland — Bureau of hmnigration 

make it habitable; lie finds good roads, a widespread system 
of waterways and railroads, an almost complete system of 
banking- and credit to help him along if he is an industrious 
man deserving of assistance; in short, every facility is afforded 
him which can make him thrive and prosper. Considering this 
exceptionally favorable condition of things, how is it that not 
all who have come to this country have prospered as they 
might have done ; that not all of them have found it the prom- 
ised land which they expected and which it might have been 
for them ? 

Because they went to the wrong places. Ill-advised through 
lack of proper information and allured by attractive advertise- 
ments of land backed by syndicates and railroad companies 
with no other object than that of securing the sale of their 
lands, they became an easy prey for unscrupulous agents, who 
persuaded them to purchase land in the inhospitable regions 
of the West and Northwest, which were represented to them 
as an earthly paradise. Then, after making the long, expensive 
journey, they found at the end a region where winter reigns 
supreme for nine month's and raging- heat renders the short 
summers almost unendurable. There beneficent rains are al- 
most unknown; droughts, hail storms and cyclones are of fre- 
quent occurrence; and tornadoes repeatedly devastate settle- 
ments and destroy harvests. The only markets for the farm 
produce are miles away, with no other means of transportation 
— and often no other purchasers — than the railroads, upon 
which the people are entirely dependent and which, having 
no competition, can make their own prices and thus take away 
all of the profits of the farmers' labor and industry. Already 
vast numbers of the farmers who settled there years ago have 
grown tired of the long winters, inhospitable climate and un- 
favorable conditions of life ; they are selling out their property 
and coming to the older Eastern States, many of them to 
Maryland, where lands are cheaper, the climate better and the 



State of Maryhiiid — Bureau of lunuigratiou 9 

other advantages far greater than in the Xorthwest. The.-e 
are the regions where in fnture the immigrant has to look for 
the best place in which to found his new home, where a father 
will look for the future of his boys. 

In Europe it is generally believed that the Eastern States 
are densely populated, that the prices of land are high and 
that it is just as hard to make a living there as in any other old 
country. This isa mistake. There are, especially in the South- 
eastern States, in the immediate neighborhood of the great 
sea ports, vast stretches of fertile land, in a mild and sunny 
climate, which can be purchased at low^ prices, wdiere there is 
cjuick transportation by rail and water to the great pfoduce 
markets of the vicinity and of the adjoining States. If this 
fact has been until now little known to immigrants, it is only 
because no private interests were involved in booming these 
regions. Nor is it the purpose of this pamphlet to do so ; all 
that we intend to do is to place before the intending emigrant 
the real facts, and nothing- but the facts, concerning desirable 
locations for settlement, being fully satisfied that no other 
State offers so many advantages as JNIaryland. 

With the object of furthering- the interests of immigration 
and furnishing to immigrants all desirable information about 
the country, the choice of a location, etc., the iMaryland Legis- 
lature established a State Board of Immigration. Anybody 
wishing- information as to the situation and the Cjuality of the 
soil of farms and lands offered for sale in the State, or con- 
cerning the resources at the command of immigrants, about 
the choice of a location for a settlement, the branch of industry 
wherein he is most likely to succeed, or the route by which he 
can reach his destination in the cjuickest and cheapest manner, 
is invited to apply to the State Bureau of Immigration, which 
will supply him with relial^le information from unquestion- 
able sources. 



lO State of Maryland — Bureau of huiiiigration 

The Bureau is not connected with any steam navigation or 
raih'oad company or real estate syndicate ; it is not interested 
in and does not receive any commission from the sale of land, 
nor does it perform any services in a business line for immi- 
grants. Its only purpose is to furnish information, and this 
it does gratuitously. It will protect immigrants from imposi- 
tion by land agents, if such should be attempted. Its office is 
a public one, and its officials are State officers, ready to guide 
and help all intending settlers by furnishing them the names 
of persons or concerns to whom they may safely apply. 

All applications for information by letter, which will be 
cheerfully given, should be addressed to the State Bureau of 
Immigration, Baltimore, Maryland, U, S. A. 

WILLIAM T. P. TURPIN, 

Superintendent. 

A. F. TI^APPE, 

Secretary. 







"WATER SCENE IN DORCHESTER COCNTY 




HOME IN SOUTHERN MARYLAND 



MARYLAND 



There is no State in the country that has a greater variety 
in its natural surroundings. No other State in the Union ha?, 
in proportion to its area, a coast Hne so extensive as that oE 
Maryland, and more persons are supported in Maryland by 
capturing and preparing the products of the water than in any 
other State. It is "the land of the forest and of the rock, of 
the broad blue bay and mighty river," and there are fortunes 
in the forest and rocks and in the broad blue bay and the 
mighty rivers, while its genial soil responds liberality to every 
demand that intelligent labor can make upon it. All of the 
products of the temperate zone, with some of the semi-tropical 
fruits, are brought forth in the greatest abundance in many 
sections of the State. Those who wander in summer in the 
mountains are refreshed by its lovely scenery of wood and field. 
Nothing can excel its charming landscapes, and everywhere 
the useful is blended with the beautiful — the forest with the 
craig and the quarry, the rugged mountainside with the fertile 
slope, the rushing waters with the green pastures. Here nestles 
a pretty village and there a thriving- town ; here, a mill and 
there, a furnace or a factory. Down where the State is flanked 
by the Potomac on one side and the Delaware on the other, and 
where the beautiful Susquehanna makes its way into the Chesa- 
peake Bay, the scenery is a grand panorama of luxuriant farms 
and orchards, of winding streams and deeply shaded woods. 
From the mountains to the sea, the State has been blessed by 
natuic with all that can please the eye and command the admir- 
ation of man. To these attractions let us add those which are 
afforded by the presence of a refined and hospitable population, 
living amidst all the conveniences which a prog"ressi\-e age has 



14 State of Maryland — Bureau of hnmigration 

g-iyen it — quick transportation by rail and steamer, public and 
private schools without superior, churches of every denomina- 
tion, the two great markets which Baltimore and Washington 
afford, to say nothing of the vicinity of the larger cities farther 
east or the smaller ones within and near the borders of the 

State. 

The prudent man in search of a home free from the ordinary 
vicissitudes of the settler in a new country ; the farmer who 
seeks a better living nearer the great markets of the East ; the 
capitalist who would establish industries where mines and 
forests, railroads and rivers, and abundant labor all combine to 
promote his purposes, might search the whole country from 
ocean to ocean and he would fail to find a more desirable 
location than Maryland offers. 

The horticultural interest of the State is every day increasing. 
The Horticultural Association of Maryland has a membership 
in almost every county in the State and numbers among its 
members many of the most prominent and influential citizens 
of the dift'erent sections of Maryland. Fruits of all varieties 
and of the best quality, as well as all kinds of vegetables, are 
grown in abundance. The number of small truck farms and 
fine orchards of apples, peaches, plums and small fruits is 
increasing every year. Southern Maryland, as well as the 
Eastern Shore, affords splendid opportunities to those who 
have a knowledge of trucking and general gardening. Flowers 
thrive in the open air and good markets are within easy access. 
Fruit growing is a very profitable occupation in Western Mary- 
land, where cheap lands can be purchased for that purpose. 

Skilled mechanics and honest laborers anxious to work can, 
as a rule, always find employment in some of the many indus- 
trial enterprises in Baltimore, where house rent and living are 
cheaper than in most of the large cities of the Union. 

Information about business opportunities in the large cities 
of the State, as well as about cheap and desirable lands in 



State of Maryland — Bureau of I iiniiii^ratioii 15 

Maryland, will be gladly furnished by the State Bureau of 
Immigration and every facility afforded to buy desirable homes 
without pa}-ing any commission. Western settlers will find it 
to their advantage to make inquir}- aljcjut the homes which can 
be purchased in jMaryland. 

Boundaries and Counties. 

The State of ^Maryland is lj(3undcd on the north by the State 
of Pennsvlvania, on the east by the State of Delaware and tlie 
Atlantic Ocean, on the south by the State of Virginia, on the 
west bv the State of \A'est A^irginia, and has a surface of 12,210 
square miles, with about 1,400,000 inhabitants.' 

The State is divided into 23 counties : Garrett, Allegany, 
Washington, Frederick, Carroll, Baltimore and Harford in 
the north and west ; Howard, Montgomery. Anne Arundel, 
Prince George's, Calvert. Charles and St. ]\Iary's constitute 
what is called the Western Shore ; and Cecil, Kent, Queen 
Anne's, Talbot. Caroline, Dorchester, Wicomico, Somerset and 
\\'orcester form the Eastern Shore of the State. The city of 
Baltimore is entire!}- independent from the 23 counties. 

Topographical Features. 

The State of Maryland is divided into three regions, physi- 
cally, according to elevation : the Coastal Plain, which embraces 
the Eastern Shore and the southern part of the AA^estern Shore; 
the Piedmont Plateau and the Appalachian Region. 

On the W'estern Shore the Coastal Plain includes the coun- 
ties of St. Mary's, Calvert, Charles, Prince George's, Anne 
Arundel, Baltimore City and parts of Baltimore and Harford 
•Counties. 

Most of the Eastern Shore i^ less than 26 feet above sea 
level; the Coastal Plain on the Western Shore is higher. In 
lower St. jMarv's County it frequently reaches an elevation of 



i6 State of Maryland — Biireau of Immigration 

lOO feet not far from bay shore, which is gradually increased 
until it reaches i8o feet near the border of Charles. In the 
southern part of Calvert County is found an elevation of about 
140 feet, which rises to 180 near the southern border of Anne 
Arundel County. In Charles, Prince George's and Anne 
Arundel Counties the land gradually increases in height near 
Washington City, which height continues northeastwardly 
toward Baltimore City. The navigable and most important 
rivers are the Potomac, Patuxent, Patapsco, Gunpowder, 
Suscjuehanna, Elk, Sassafras, Chester, Choptank, Nanticoke, 
Wicomico and Pocomoke. 

The Piedmont Plateau borders the Coastal Plain on the west, 
and extends to the base of the Catoctin Mountains. It includes 
about 2,500 scjuare miles, one-fourth of the area of the State. 
It is nearly 40 miles in width in the southern portion of the 
region, and broadens toward the north to 65 miles. It includes 
Montgomery, Howard, Carroll and Frederick Counties and the 
greater part of Baltimore and Harford Counties. Its elevation 
varies from about 250 to 1,250 feet. The principal valley is 
that in which Frederick City is located, which is drained 
by the Monocacy river and its tributaries, flowing into the 
Potomac on the west, and by the headwaters of the Patuxent, 
Patapsco and Gunpowder rivers on the east. 

The Appalachian Region forms the western portion of 
Maryland, and comprises about 2,000 square miles, or one-fifth 
of the area of the State. It consists of a series of parallel 
mountain ranges with deep valleys, which are cut nearly at 
right angles by the Potomac River ; many of the ranges being 
from 2,000 to 3,000 feet above sea level. 

In the Appalachian Region the winters are, of course, more 
severe than on the Eastern Shore or in Southern Maryland, 
but the summers are most delightful; hence many popular 
summer resorts are to be found there, which are largely 
patronized by people from Baltimore, Washington, Pittsburg 




RIVEK FRONT IN PRINCE GEORGE'S COUNTY 




WATER FRONT IN QUEEN ANNE'S COUNTY 



State of MaryJtvid — Bureau of Iniinigration 19 

and elsewhere. Among" these may he mentioned Deer Park, 
Oakland, Mountain Lake Park, Blue Mountain House, Buena 
Vista and Blue Ridge Summit. In all the remainder of the 
State the weather is cool in summer and mild in winter. The 
climate is invigorating-, and patients resort to all parts of the 
State, by the advice of physicians, for the improvement of 
their health. The Eastern Shore is recommended for persons 
suffering from pulmonary consumption and other diseases of 
the lungs, asthma, heart disease and rheumatism. Ocean City 
is one of the finest bathing resorts on the shore of the Atlantic 
Ocean. 

The streams of the \\^estern Shore have nine elevated sources 
and flow with greater power than those of the Eastern Shore. 
The Potomac River aft'ords fine water power. It falls 230 
feet from the Point of Rocks to Georgetown, a distance of 47 
miles. At Great Falls, 14 miles above Georg'etown. it descends 
from 80 to 90 feet in a distance of i^^ miles, and the available 
power is estimated at 20,700 horse-power. 

The Patapsco River is the most important stream for manu- 
facturing- purposes in the State, and offers many sites for 
factories, but so far only about 3,000 horse-power is utilized. 
Upon the Big and Little Gunpowder considerable power has 
been utilized, as is also the case with the Principio, North East 
and Elk rivers in th.e upper part of the Eastern Shore. 

The CHmate. 

The State of Maryland glories in an exceptionally fine, 
healthful climate, its mildness being due chieflv to the vicinity 
of the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf Stream. The winter lasts 
only two months, January and February. Spring is short and 
pleasant and is followed by a long summer with warm da3''s 
and cool nights. The heat is moderated by the constant breeze 
from the Atlantic. 



20 State of Maryland — Bureau of Immigration 

A magnificent autumn, known as ''Indian Summer," follows 
the summer, and the farmer can work in the open air nearly- 
all the 3^ear, giving to all parts of his work the necessary care 
and attention. Here he has not, as in the -Northwest, to sit 
behind the hot stove during seven months of the year, spending 
what he has been able to save during the short summer. 

The Western or prairie States are frequently visited by 
terrible cyclones or tornadoes, carrying destruction and devas- 
tation in their wake. As almost the whole State of Maryland 
is protected by the Allegheny Mountains, which cross the 
western part, such wind-storms are unknown here. The 
Chesapeake Bay and the large rivers, by affording a ready 
outlet to the sea, prevent the possibility of floods. The success 
of fruit-raising and trucking for the markets of Baltimore, 
Philadelphia, Washington, New York, Boston and Pittsburg 
is largely dependent upon the temperature of the nights in early 
spring. By the vicinity of the ocean and the great quantity of 
salt water in the Chesapeake Bay, Maryland is protected against 
the deadly frosts which destroy the farmer's products in other 
places. 

The average annual temperature is, in the eastern part of the 
State, 58° F. ; in the southern, 56° F. ; in the north-central, 
52° F. ; and in the west, from 50° to 53° F. 

According- to the statements of many settlers who have come 
here from the Northwestern States during- the past few years, 
the heat of the short summers is almost unendurable in Kansas, 
Nebraska. Iowa and Minnesota, the thermometer often rising 
to 125° F. in the shade. 

Many people fear that, since Maryland lies farther south, 
it must be hotter here ; but this is not the case. Here 90° F. 
in the shade is considered very hot, while the thermometer very 
seldom rises to 100°. 

The following is an extract from the official report of the 
Weather Bureau, giving the highest temperature during the 



State of Maryland — Bureau of hnniigration 



21 



last years at the various places named. It must be remembered, 
however, that these are, as before stated, exceptional cases. 



Towns. 




p4 


s < 




June 
July 


Aug. 
Sept. 


t - 

6 i 'A 




Annapolis 


61 
73 
70 
65 
64 
64 
69 
66 
63 
60 


63 
78 
66 
64 
63 
61 
70 
67 
62 
62 


68 
82 
84 
82 
75 
80 
81 
82 
72 
82 


87 
94 
94 
93 
92 
94 
93 
88 
91 
94 


94 
96 
98 
93 
95 
94 
96 
100 
96 
99 


95 
98 
101 
96 
99 
99 
99 
99 
95 
99 


97 
104 
103 
101 
104 
104 
101 
99 
95 
103 


94 
98 

101 
98 
99 
98 

100 
98 
96 

102 


98 
101 
97 
93 
96 
100 
96 
^8 
95 
98 


85 
90 
87 
87 
86 
90 
91 
89 
87 
90 


69 

78 
86 
77 
75 
77 
81 
77 
71 
74 


64 


Baltimore 

Cumberland 


73 

68 


Easton 

Frederick 

Laurel 


66 
66 
66 


Pocomoke City 

Solomons , 


74 
65 


Van Bibber 


68 


Westminster 


66 



The following table shows the average rainfall in the different 
parts of Maryland : 





1-5 


.a 
® 


1 


ft 


^ 
g 


June 
July 


Aug. 
Sept. 


4^ 

O 


> 

o 

!2; 


p 


3 

d 

a 
< 


Annapolis 


3.2 


3.6 


4.3 


3.9 


4.7 


4.0 4.8 


4.6 4.7 


3.8 


4.3 


3.4 


48.2 


Baltimore 


3.0 


3.5 


4.0 


3.3 


4.0 


3.7 4.7 


4.1 3.6 


3.1 


3.3 


3.2 


43.3 


Western District 


2.4 


2.8 


2.8 


2.2 


3.6 


3.2 3.6 


3.7 2.8 


2.7 


2.6 


2.8 


34.6 


Northern " 


3.2 


3.4 


3.9 


3.2 


4.0 


4.0 4.2 


4.2 3.7 


3.3 


3.5 


3.0 


43.3 


Southern part of West. 
























Shore 


2.4 


3.7 


3.6 


3.6 


4.1 


2.7 4.5 


3.9 2.6 


3.6 


2.9 


2.6 


40.1 


Eastern Shore 


2.8 


3.4 


3.7 


3.5 


4.4 


2.9 4.8 


4.1 3.0 


3.5 


3.2 


2.5 


42.0 



The Cities and Towns of Maryland. 

The most important cities of Maryland, exclusive of Balti- 
more, are grouped somewhat loosely together in that narrow 
strip of territory which forms the western point of the State. 
This strip has as its eastern boundary an imaginary line drawn 
from Harper's Ferry northward to Pen-Mar, and takes in 
Washington, Allegany and Garrett Counties, terminates at 
the extreme western boundary of the State. Of the three 
counties included in this territory Garrett contributes nothing 
to the list of prominent towns, but both of the other counties 
support cities which have long been influential factors in the 
commercial life of the State, and which are rapidly growing 



22 State of Maryland — Bureau of Ininiigratioii 

in importance. Hagerstown, the third city in the State in 
population and manufactures, stands at the gateway of this 
western strip of territory. The county seat of Washington 
County, the home of several important educational institutions, 
and the point where several railroads cross, Hagerstown has 
developed rapidly. It is eighty-six miles from Baltimore and 
twenty-two miles from Frederick City, and is reached by the 
Baltimore and Ohio, Cumberland Valley, Western Maryland, 
and the Norfolk and Western Railroads. 

The population of Hagerstown has increased with remark- 
able rapidity; from io,ii8 people in 1890 and 13,591 in 1900, 
it advanced to about 16,022 persons in 1906. The progress 
of the town has been due in a large measure to its manufac- 
tures, although it owes much to the fact that it is the trade 
centre of a very rich section of the State. The 203 manufac- 
turing establishments located there give employment to nearly 
two thousand wage-earners, whose toil results in the produc- 
tion of two and a-half million dollars worth of manufactured 
articles annually. The chief manufactures are the products of 
machine shops and factories engag"ed in making vehicle equip- 
ments. The city supports three daily newspapers. Williams- 
port, another Washington County town, is seven miles south- 
west of Hagerstown, which latter city it serves both as a ship- 
ping point and a feeding centre. Wiiliamsport is on the 
Potomac River and the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal. It is 
reached by the Western Marjdand and the Cumberland Rail- 
roads. While engaged to a limited extent in manufactures, 
its chief importance is derived from its position as a trade 
centre. Its population in 1906 was 1,608. 

Cumberland is the largest of Maryland's secondary cities 
and its position of importance is made doubly secure by the 
support it obtains from a chain of important- commercial 
centres, of which it forms the head. The healthy growth of 
Cumberland has been the outcome of the development of 




I. 










RIVER FARM NEAR I'UCOMOKE CITY. SOMERSET COUNTY 




LARGE FARM IN WICOMICO COUNTY" 



State of Maryland — Bureau of Inniiigratioii 



~3 



Maryland's rich coal lands, the city forming the natural ship- 
ping point eastward for the many miles of Allegany County. 
Ever since the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal was carried to this 
city, and the artificial waterway began performing the service 
for which it had been designed in floating bituminous coal to 
the big manufacturing cities on the Atlantic seaboard, the 
importance of Cumberland has been steadily increasing. Today, 
with nearly 20,000 inhabitants, with about three million dollars 
invested in manufacturing plants, and with large capital inter- 
ested in the coal output of the State, the city is destined to 
grow constantly in importance. Situated on the Potomac 
River, and forming the western terminus of the Chesapeake 
and Ohio Canal, Cumberland is reached by the Pennsylvania, 
the Baltimore and Ohio, the \\'estern Maryland and other rail- 
roads. In addition to its coal shipping industry, the city is 
extensively engaged in the manufacture of iron and steel, glass, 
brick and other like products. 

Beginning at Cumberland and extending- southward some- 
what parallel with the boundary line between Allegany and 
Garrett Counties is a string of important mining towns ; and 
these are large contributors not only to the commercial pros- 
perity of Cumberland, but to that of the entire State. This 
chain of towns includes Frostburg, Lonaconing and Western- 
port, all of which are in Allegany County. Frostburg, seven 
miles west of Cumberland, is on the Cumberland and Pennsyl- 
vania Railroad. With a population of somewhat less than 
5,000 people, its greatest energy is devoted to the mining of 
soft coal, although it contains several foundries and brick 
factories. Lonaconing, with a population of between 2.000 
and 3,000 people, is rapidly advancing as a mining centre. 
The town is twenty-three miles southwest of Cumberland, and 
is reached by the George's Creek branch of the Western Mary- 
land and by the Cumberland and Pennsylvania Railroads. 
Westernport, which forms the extreme end of the chain, is on 



26 State of Maryland — Bureau of Iniuugration 

the Potomac River, opposite to Piedmont. It is reached by 
the Cumberland and Pennsylvania Railroad, and has a popula- 
tion of about 2,500 people. Fifty- four miles from Cumberland 
is Oakland, the county seat of Garrett County. This town has 
a population of about 1,250, is reached by the Baltimore and 
Ohio Railroad, and has gained fame as a summer resort. It is 
situated 2,700 feet above the sea level. Its chief industry is 
the manufacture of flour and the production of leather. 

Traveling- eastward from Hagerstown toward the Chesa- 
peake Bay, and traversing portions of Washington, Frederick, 
Carroll, Baltimore and Harford Counties- — all on the northern 
boundary line of Maryland— one encounters some of the richest 
farming districts of the commonw^ealth. This stretch of land 
supports a number of prosperous towns, some of which devote 
entire attention to the handling of the products of nearby 
farms, while others have made considerable progress as manu- 
facturing and trading centres. The most important cit}^ in 
the territory between Hagerstown and Baltimore is Frederick 
City, the county seat of Frederick County, w^iich occupies a 
commanding position in the heart of a great agricultural 
district., It is sixty-one miles west of Baltimore, and is reached 
by the Baltimore and Ohio and the York-Frederick branch of 
the Northern Central Railroads. With a population of slightly 
more than 10,000 persons, the city gives employment in its 133 
manufacturing establishments to 1,131 wage-earners. The 
manufacturing- concerns consist of tanneries, founderies, sash 
factories, brick works, knitting mills, creameries and brush 
factories. In manufactures the city ranks fourth in Maryland, 
andinpoint of population it holds the same position. Frederick 
City is the home seat of Frederick Colleg-e (founded in 1797), 
of the Woman's College and of the State Deaf and Dumb 
Asylum. 

Fifteen miles southwest of Frederick is Brunswick, a town 
of 2,500 inhabitants, which supports several manufacturing 



State of Maryland — Bureau of Iniinigratiou 27 

esta1)lishments and a repair shop of the Baltimore and Ohio 
Raih-oad. 

AA'estminster, the seat of government for Carroll Count}', 
is a manufacturing and educational centre, twenty-eiglit miles 
northwest of Baltimore on the A\'estern ]\Iaryland Railroad. 
Its flour mills and factories, engaged chiefly in the manufacture 
of carriages and cigars, have adx'anced it tc) the sixtli place 
among the manufacturing cities of the State. A\'estern Alary- 
land College, which is under control of the Methodist Protestant 
Church, has attracted to the Carroll County town a large body 
of educators and students who l^n-e raised a standard of 
intellectuality there not commonly encountered in the smaller 
urban centres. Then, too, the position which AA'estminster 
naturally holds as the gathering- town for products of sur- 
rounding districts and the distributing point for manufactured 
articles recjuired by the Carroll conntians has given it prom- 
inence as a trading point. The town has a population of about 
3,500 people. 

Towson, the governmental seat of Baltimore County, is 
six miles north of Baltimore — and Ellicott City, the county 
seat of Howard County, is six miles west of the ]Monu- 
mental City, with both of which it is connected by steam and 
electric railway. Towson has a population of 2,700 inhabi- 
tants. It contains the Baltimore County courthouse, an attrac- 
ti\e luiilding of colonial architecture, and numerous attractive 
residential properties. Ellicott City is a quaint, old-fashioned 
town of 1.33 1 inhabitants. It is built upon a steep incline 
overlooking the Patapsco Ri\'er ; and engages in manufacturing 
to some little extent, the chief industries being flour and cotton 
mills, and stone quarries. Sparrows Point, about nine miles 
southeast of Baltimore, is known throughout the commercial 
world because of the ]\Iaryland Steel Company's works, which 
^re nearby. The population of the ])lace is made up almost 
entirely of laborers in the iron works and their families. 



28 State of Maryland — Bureau of Immigration 

Sparrows Point is an ideal manufacturing town, great thought 
having been given by the management of the works to the 
comfort and health of their people. A steam and an electric 
railway connect the place with Baltimore. 

Belair, the county seat of Harford County, is on the Mary- 
land and Pennsylvania Railroad, twenty-four miles northeast 
of Baltimore. The town has a population of about i,ooo, and 
is the trade centre for the fertile surrounding country. This 
section of the State is given up largely to the cultivation of 
vegetables and fruits, and Belair is the centre of Harford 
County's canning industry. Rockville, the county seat of 
Montgomery County, is sixteen miles north of Washington. 
It has a popalation of i,iio and is reached by an electric and 
steam railroad. Hyattsville, with 1,222 inhabitants, is in 
Prince George's County. It is six miles northeast of Wash- 
ington, with which city it is connected by an electric and 
steam railroad. Laurel, also in Prince George's County, is 
between Washington and Baltimore on the same lines. It has 
a population of slightly over 2,000 people, and is noted princi- 
pally for its iron works, which draw upon the surrounding iron 
ore deposits for raw material. Upper Marlboro, the county 
seat of Prince George's County, has about 500 inhabitants. It 
is a grain, tobacco and fruit growing section, has several can- 
neries engaged in packing vegetables and fruits, and is con- 
nected by two steam roads with Washington and Baltimore. 

Annapolis, the State capital, and one of the oldest and most 
interesting cities in Maryland, is twenty-six miles south of 
Baltimore. It is on the Severn River, two miles from the 
Chesapeake Bay, and in the heart of the rich fruit and vegetable 
section of Anne Arundel County. It is reached by steamer 
from Baltimore, and also by two lines of railways — the Balti- 
more and Annapolis Short Line and the Annapolis, Washing- 
ton and Baltimore. Annapolis was made the capital of the 
State more than two hundred years ago, or in 1694. During 




RIVER FARM IX MARYLAND 




iJk, 



SCE-NE ON THE rATlXENT RIVER 



State of Maryland — Bureau of Innnigration 31 

the greater part of Maryland's Colonial career it was the centre 
of both the social and the commercial life of the State. In 
pre-Revohitionar_y days it was the scene of the greatest social 
functions of the Province, and during the American Revolution 
the city played an important part in the nation's affairs. The 
Continental Congress held its session here for a period, and 
in the State House \\'ashing-ton resig'ued his commission as 
Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army. The State 
House is the finest example of a Colonial building now extant. 

The United States Naval Academy is located at Annapolis. 
The grounds of this institution have recently been much 
improved and new buildings of architectural merit have been 
erected. In addition to the Naval Academy, the State House 
and the Governor's Mansion, Annapolis contains St. John's 
College, founded in 1789, the new Court of Appeals Building, 
a modern and beautiful postoffice and some of the most attrac- 
tive and famous Colonial mansions to be found in America. 
The city has a population of about 9,169 persons. Its manu- 
facturing- establishments do considerable business, giving 
employment to 244 wage-earners. The chief industries are 
oyster packing and the manufacture of glass and ice. 

There are a number of progressive towns on the Chesapeake 
Bay and its navigable tributaries upon the Eastern Shore of 
Maryland. In the strip of land on the Western Shore which 
extends southward between the Chesapeake Bay and the 
Potomac River, the towns owe their chief claim to prominence 
to the fact that they are county seats. La Plata, the govern- 
mental seat of Charles County, is on the Philadelphia, Balti- 
more and Washington Railroad. Prince Fredericktown, fifty- 
five miles south of Baltimore, is the county seat of Calvert 
County. The town is five miles from the Chesapeake Bay, its 
steamboat landing being Dare's ^^llarf. 

Leonardtown, the county seat of St. ^Mary's Countv, has 
a population of about 500. It is on Breton's Bay, near the 



32 State of Maryland — Bureau of Iimnigration 

Potomac River, and fifty-five miles south of Annapolis. It 
has steamboat connections with Baltimore and Washington, 
but is not upon a railroad line. 

The Eastern Shore, however, is dotted with prosperous 
towns and villages along the entire water line. These towns 
owe their growth to the fact th^t they are naturally the receiving 
points for nearly all the manufactured articles imported into 
their respective counties ; that they are the shipping points for 
the products of inland farming districts; and that they are 
naturally the trade centres for large stretches of fertile interior 
country, where towns are not abundant, and such as do exist 
are fairly prosperous. Furthermore, these seaport towns are 
advantageously located for engaging in canning the products 
of surrounding farmlands, and they are thus given an incentive 
to engage in manufacturing- as well as a trading business. 

In the lower end of the Eastern Shore, where the peninsula 
is divided from east to west by the boundary line between 
Maryland and Virginia, there are three towns which do con- 
siderable business. Crisfield, the most important of these is 
in Somerset County, and is directly on the Chesapeake Bay. 
It has a population of 4,285, and is reached by steamers from 
Baltimore and by rail over the New York, Philadelphia and 
Norfolk line. The packing of oysters is its chief industry. 
Pocomoke City and Snow Hill, both on the Pocomoke River, 
are in Worcester County. The latter is the county seat and 
has a population of 1,675. -'-^ ^^^ communication with Balti- 
more by steamers and is reached by the Eastern Shore division 
of the Philadelphia, Baltimore and Washington Railroad. The 
town has saw, planing and flour mills, canning factories and a 
general trade in lumber, fruit and the products of truck farms. 
Pocomoke Cit}^, fifteen miles from the mouth of the Pocomoke, 
has a population of 2,304 inhabitants. Its industries are 
very much the same as those of Snow Hill. Berlin, another 
Worcester County town, is inland, and is on the line of the 



State of Marylaiiil — Bureau of J unui^^ratiou 33 

Baltimore, Chesapeake and Atlantic; and the I'hiladelphia, 
Baltimore and \\'a,shington Railroads. It has a population of 
1,436 people, and supports canning- factories, veneer works and 
other manufacturing- estal)lis]iments, also line nurseries. In the 
northern part of Somerset is its count\- seat, Princess Anne, a 
town of not quite 1,000 people, upon the Ijanks of the ]\Ianokin 
River. 

In AMcomico Countv, which is north of Somerset and 
AA^Drcester, are Salishury, the county seat, and Sharptown. 
Salisbury is a thriving port of more than 5,000 people. It is 
on the AA^icomico Ri\-er, 103 miles south of Wilmington, 
Delaware, with which city it is connected by the New York, 
Philadelphia and AA'ashington Railroad; it is also reached by 
the Baltimore, Chesapeake and Atlantic Railroad. The town 
conducts a large shipping- trade in grain, fruit and lumber, 
and has several manufacturing- establishments engaged in the 
production of textiles and flour. Sharptown is twelve miles 
northwest of Salisbury, but is not on any railroad line. It 
has a population of about 1,000 people, and uses Seaford, 
Delaware, as its railroad station. 

The next important tributary of the Chesapeake, traveling 
northward, is the Choptank River, which has Cambridge near 
its mouth, and at its head Denton. Cambridge is the go\ern- 
mental seat of Dorchester Countv. It has a population of 
nearly 7,000 people, who support a daily paper and engage 
extensively in manufacturing- food stuffs. The town is con- 
nected with Baltimore by steamers and is also reached by 
the Philadelphia, Baltimore and Washington Railroad. Fish, 
oysters and lumber are exported on a large scale, while the 
canning establishments consume a large quantitv of the fruit 
and vegetables grown in the surrounding territor\-. Denton, 
the county seat of Caroline County, has a population of not 
quite 1,000 people. It is engaged in manufacturing to a 
limited degree, though chiefly for local consumption. The 



34 State of Maryland — Bureau of Immigration 

town is connected with Baltimore by steamers and the Mary- 
land, Virginia and Delaware Railway. 

Talbot County has two important seaports: Easton, the 
county seat, which has a population of 4,019, and St. Michaels, 
with 1,043 inhabitants. Easton is about fifty miles south- 
southeast of Baltimore, and is reached either by bay steamers 
or the Philadelphia, Baltimore and Washington and the Balti- 
more, Chesapeake and Atlantic Railroads. The town contains 
mills, canning establishments, furniture and shirt factories, 
and is the trading centre for the surrounding grain and fruit 
growing district. 

Queen Anne's, the next county, has as its northern boundary 
the Chester River, and on the southern bank of this body of 
water are two important Queen Anne's towns — Centreville, the 
county seat, and Queenstown — also two thriving towns of 
Church Hill and Sudlersville, while on the northern bank is 
Chestertown, of Kent County. Centreville is thirty-six miles 
southeast of Baltimore, with which city it is connected by bay 
steamers ; and it is also reached by the Philadelphia, Baltimore 
and Washington and the Queen Anne's Railroads. The 
population is 1,500. A number of manufacturing establish- 
ments are located in the town. Queenstown is engaged in 
shipping and packing fruits and oysters. It is on the Queen 
Anne's Railroad and is reached from Baltimore by steamers. 
Chestertown is at the head of navigation of the Chester River. 
It has a line of steamers connecting- it with Baltimore, and is 
also reached. by the Philadelphia, Baltimore and Washington 
Railroad. Chestertown is the county seat of Kent, and has a 
population of 3,271 people. It is the seat of Washington 
College, established in 1782, and supports numerous manufac- 
turing establishments, consisting' chiefly of canning- establish- 
ments and paper mills. 

At the head of the Chesapeake, either directly on the Bay 
or on one of its tributaries, are four towns of some importance, 




I'KACIO AND I'LKNTY IN CECIL COUNTY 




OYSTKU SHOKK IX L>i iliCMKSTKK COUNTY 



State of Maryland — Bureau of / iiiiiii_i:;rati(Ui ^j 

all connecting- with lialtiniore l)y steanicr. Tln-ee nf tliese, 
Chesapeake City. I'^lkton and Tort Deposit, are in Cecil Countv. 
Chesai)eake City, a town of 1,183 inhabitants, is at the Alary- 
land entrance to the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal. Klktnn. 
the connty seat, is at the head of navigation on ihc I^lk l\i\-er. 
It has a popniation of 2/^<.)H persons and is reached hv the 
Philadelphia. Baltimore and Washington Railroad. The cilv 
has a nnmber of mannfactnring establishments, inclnding iron 
fonndries. ship }-ards. Hour mills, machine shops, ])nlp mills, 
and fertilizer factories. Port Deposit is on the Snscpiehanna 
River, fi\'e miles from its mouth, and forty-one miles northeast 
of Baltimore. It engages extensively in the transhipping of 
lumber and is the shipping point for \alual)le granite taken 
from nearby quarries. It is the seat of the jacol) Tome 
Institute, one of the leading schools of its kind in the country. 
Havre de Grace, in Harford County, on the Western Shore, 
is at the mouth of the Susf|uehanna. It is the fifth manufac- 
turing city of the State and gives employment to 674 wage- 
earners. Its principal industries are canneries. Hour and 
lumber mills, sash factories, textile works, and trading in 
lumber and fish. Its population is about 3.600 people. 

These thirty-two cities and towns have an aggregate popu- 
lation of 124.084 people. The greater number of towns in 
Mar}dand, howe\'er, ha\-e a population ranging from i.ooo to 
2,500 people. The fi\'e larger secondar)- cities, including 
Cumberland. Hagerstown, Frederick, Annapolis and Cam- 
bridg-e — ranging- in the order of their size — ha\'e an aggregate 
population of 61,601 people, while the tweh'C largest ur])an 
centres — (excluding- Baltimore) Salisbury. Frostburg. Cris- 
field, Easton, Havre de Grace, \\>stminster and Chestertown. 
show a total population of 90.238 people. These twelve cities 
and towns are the i)rincipal commercial centres of the State 
outside of Baltimore, and both in the amount of their com- 
merce and manufactures, in the extent of their population, and 



38 State of Maryland — Bureau of luiuiigratioii 

in the character of their government, they compare favorably 
with urban centres of Hke size in other States of the Union. 

Agricultural Productions. 

Maryland off.ers unusual advantages to those who wish to 
devote themselves to agriculture. Good farmers are in great 
demand. I.and is cheap and can be purchased in tracts of 
au}^ size from an acre upwards. Every year the farming of 
the State is becoming- more and more varied, and dair3dng, 
stock breeding, poultry raising*, sheep raising, packing and 
other industries are being profitably combined with agricul- 
ture. The removal of a large part of the negro population 
from the country to the cities results in the partition of the 
large estate into smaller farms, thus affording an opportunity 
for immigrants and other settlers who are seeking cheap land 
and congenial surroundings. 

The Maryland soils are famous. "There are none better m 
the world," say the scientists. The state has a remarkably 
g'ood secjuence of all the geological formations. 

There are marl beds of extensive formation in all parts of 
Maryland. This furnishes a cheap and effective fertilizer 
and is adapted to nearly all crops. 

Grass, wheat, oats, corn, r3^e, tobacco, truck and fruit are 
produced with more or less adaptability and with success in 
all parts of the State. The same is true of live stock and 
horses; cattle, sheep, etc., are successfully reared. These 
branches of industry constitute an important source of profit 
for farmers, since the numerous large cities of the East con- 
sume far more meat and other articles of food than can be 
produced in their immediate vicinity. Consecjuentl)^ these pro- 
ducts bring high prices. Frederick is most famous of all the 
counties for its wheat and corn. Garrett and Allegan}^ Coun- 
ties are the principal coal-producing regions. 



State of Maryland — Bureau of I iitiiiii:;ratluii 39 

The canning" of fruits and \'eg-etaljles has grown to be one 
of tlie most important, as weh as one of the most profitaljle, 
of our industries. The principal articles camied are peaches, 
peas and tomatoes, although a great variety of other fruits 
and vegetables are also canned. This industry has undoubt- 
edly had a tendency to raise and to keep u^) the prices o\ these 
crops. All such products bring better prices now in our mar- 
kets than they did before canning was resorted to, and today 
-Maryland's canning interest is larger than that of any other 
State in the country, the Maryland tin can being known wher- 
ever civilization reaches. 

Tobacco is extensivel}' produced only in Southern ]\Iary- 
land, althoug"h it may be raised in any section of the State. 

The Eastern Shore. 

The Eastern Shore is uniformly level, with good roads. The 
proximity of the ocean and the bay greatly modifies the tem- 
perature. Creeks and larger streams are so numerous that in 
some parts of this section there is a water approach to a ma- 
jority of the farms. In Worcester County fairly good lands 
can be purchased for from $ro to $25 per acre; and there 
is an abundance of it for sale, as not more than one-fourth 
of the land is worked by the owners. 

The soil is red, derived from the disintegration of gabbro 
and mica lands, derived from gneiss It is good soil for general 
agriculture and is adapted to ^\■heat, grass, corn, grazing and 
stock feeding, and to vegetables for canning and early market- 
ing. The average yield of wheat is from 20 to 30 bushel^. 
Corn and tomatoes are largely culti\'ated for canning. Grain 
and the cereals are the staples. 

Kent, Queen Anne's and Talbot Counties have fertile wheat 
and corn lands. They have a stitt yellow clay and subsoil, 
with about the same texture as that of the gabbro and gneiss 
lands. The land is le^■el but has a good under drainage. The 



40 State of Maryland — Bureau of Iininigration 

fields are large, level and easy to cultivate. Wheat and corn 
are the staples. 

Caroline County is traversed by three railroads and has the 
additional advantage of daily steamboat communication with 
Baltimore. The lands of this county are generally level, with 
a greater variety of soil composition than is found elsewdiere 
on the peninsula — grading from light and sandy to the finest 
quality of wheat and grass lands ; forty-one bushels of wheat 
per acre having been produced in the famous Tuckahoe dis- 
trict, and ninety-six bushels of excellent corn per acre else- 
where on the lighter soils of the county. Nowhere is there land 
more responsive to intelligent and generous treatment than is 
that of this county. The fruit and vegetable packing industry 
has assumed larger proportions in this county than in any 
other of the State. There are operated now at different points 
no less than thirty of these establishments, creating a great 
demand for labor of both sexes, and affording a home market 
for vast cjuantities of tomatoes, peas, beans, peaches, pears and 
small fruits cultivated by the farmers here. 

To this county, immediately after the close of the Civil War, 
a fiow of immigration set in from the North, Middle West 
and East, which established a well-defined epoch in its in- 
dustrial progress. Capital and energy accompanied these im- 
migrants ; they bought farms and set a pace of improvement 
that served as both a contagion and inspiration — agriculturally 
— to the other citizens. The town of Ridgely, at that time 
consisting of one store, a dwelling and a station on the Dela- 
ware and Chesapeake railway, became the centre for northern 
settlement, with the result that today Ridgely is a flourishing 
town, pulsating from one end of the year to the other with the 
quickening spirit of business activity and enterprise, and is 
the largest fruit and vegetable shipping station on the Eastern 
Shore. At the present time many. of the finest farms in all 
parts of this county are owned and cultivated by Northern and 



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40^ 




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LUMBER FAini IN CIIARLKS COrXTY 




COUNTRY IIOMK IN CHARLES COUNTY 



State of Mciryhiinl — fhircati of I itiiuiiirotion 43 

^^>ster^ b(jrn ])e(>])le. Tlicre are. too, (|uilc a niinibcr of (ler- 
nian immig-rants that liave settled here and. ahii<)>t without 
exception, they are prospering- and l)ecomino- well-to-do citi- 
zens. Denton, the county seat, is a pretty town, situated at 
the terminus of steamboat navigation on the C'bopiank Kiver 
and on the Queen Anne's railroad, within llu-cc hours oi Bal- 
timore City. The s])irit of inipro\cment is greatly in evidence 
throughout the town, which is Ijuilding up at a rate that far 
surpasses anything in its history. The price of land ranges 
from $10 to $45 per acre. The same must be said of Preston, 
with a line German church and strong congregation. 

^^'icomico and \\T^rcester are more sandy, higher and lighter 
as a rule than Dorchester and Somerset. Idiey are admirably 
adapted, as are all of the Eastern Shore counties, to the growth 
of small fruits and early vegetables. 

General farming and stock raising are carried on in all parts 
of the peninsula, wdiich is famous for its horses, cattle, sheep, 
hogs and poultry. The peach crop is a specialty of the Eastern 
Shore, averaging from 2,000,000 to 3,000,000 baskets. 

On the Eastern Shore there are many thousand acres of land 
devoted to the raising of garden truck, such as peas, asparagus, 
watermelons, spinach, sweet and Irish potatoes, string beans, 
kale, tomatoes, cucumbers, celery, beets, etc. 

In this section the strawberry crop has of late years become 
of permanent interest and importance. Over one hundred car- 
loads of strawberries are shipped daily during the season from 
the Eastern Shore counties to the Baltimore, Philadelphia, New^ 
York and Boston markets. 1"he value of this crop alone now 
exceeds the coml)ined value of all the products of the peninsula, 
including pine wood, thirty years ago. The cultivation of this 
berry has become very profitable, ranging from $50 to $300 
per acre. 

The Eastern Shore has a great trunk railway, with connec- 
tions along its entire length, called the Delaware Division of 



44 State of Maryland — Bureau of Immigration 

the Pennsylvania railroad, which furnishes cheap, direct and 
reliable transportation to Philadelphia, New York and other 
Northern cities, which are the chief markets for small fruits 
and vegetables. The Queen Anne's railroad and the Baltimore, 
Chesapeake and Atlantic railway traverse the peninsula from 
east to west and have direct connection with Baltimore by their 
own steamboats. 

In Talbot County, where practically all of the suitable land 
is under cultivation and two-thirds of it is worked by the own- 
ers, farm lands contig;uous to water bring from $40 to $100 
an acre, while those at a distance from water may be purchased 
at from $30 to $60. 

Somerset County has a great deal of uncultivated land which 
settlers can buy on easy terms. 

In Dorchester County there is a great deal of marsh land, 
which is devoted to grazing. Land can be bought in tracts of 
twenty acres and upwards at low prices and on easy terms. 
Cambridge, the county seat, has shipbuilding and other in- 
dustries. 

Cecil County needs a larger population. It has unused lands 
at reasonable prices. The manufactures of Cecil are important. 
Among the industrial establishments are rolling mills, forges, 
blast furnaces, paper mills, flour mills, fire brick, kaolin and 
pottery factories. 

Southern Maryland. 

The surface of Southern Maryland is somewhat higher and 
more broken than that of Eastern Maryland. Perhaps no part 
■of the State offers greater opportunities or inducements to 
settlers than are afforded in this section. About one-third of 
the land in St. Mary's County, is untilled, and there is also a 
considerable amount of land held in large tracts uncultivated, 
because the owners are unable to work it to advantage. The 
price of much interior land is merely nominal. Some of it may 



State of Marylaml — Bureau of hunu:^ratioii 45 

be bought for from $4 to $6 per acre, while land contiguous 
to water may be purchased for from $10 to $30 per acre. 
Along- the water there are many farms containing 400 and 
500 acres. Settlers desiring to locate will Ihid ])lenty of land at 
a low figure and those who so prefer can sometimes rent on 
easy terms. 

In Calvert County tlic farming lands are in really good 
condition, though owing- to the sparseness of the population, 
thev are improved onlv to a small extent. Land thickly wooded 
with well grown pines, poplars, hickory, oak and gum timber 
can be obtained at low rates, and when cleared is very produc- 
tive. 

Good cleared lands sell at from $6 to v'i^io per acre. The 
best river bottom farm lands can be l)ought for $80 per acre. 
It is estimated that at least 30 per cent of the land in Charles 
Countv under cultivation in i860 is now idle. The soil, how- 
ever, is good and well adapted to corn, wheat, tobacco, grass 
and fruit, and within the last year or two a (ierman Catholic 
and a Danish Lutheran colony have been established. Several 
Western American farmers also have boug-ht farms in this 
countv. It is traversed by a good railroad and the points along 
the Potomac River are connected by steamboat lines with 
^^'ashing-ton and Baltimore. Good large farms, with fair build- 
ings and not over twenty miles by a good road from Washing- 
ton, have been sold to A\>sterners at the rate of $10 per acre; 
but the price of land shows a tendency to rise somewhat, as a 
result of the influx of new settlers brought al)0Ut througli the 
efforts of this Bureau. 

A\'e have been told by Western settlers that land in ?\Iaryland 
is just as good as and in many places far better than that of 
Illinois, for instance, where land sells for $125 per acre. The 
onlv reason whv land is still cheap here is that until now but 
few people outside of ^Maryland have known that there was 
anv land at all for sale in this State. 



46 State of Maryland — Bureau of Immigration 

The Secretary of the United States Department of Agri- 
culture, in his report of 1901, on page 47, says about Mary- 
land : 

'Tn St. Mary's and Calvert Counties there are eiglit types of 
soil, which differ greatly in character and agricultural value. 
They are suited to different crops and ag-ricultural conditions ; 
but this fact has never been fully realized, and it is only by 
realization of this and the proper adaptation of the soils to the 
crops that the greatest development of the country can be 
brought about. 

"There are soils there ranging from $3 to $10 an acre 
which are in every way ecjual to the soils in other localities 
worth ten times that much, and which are profitably worked 
at this valuation. 

"In Prince George's County a greater number of soil types 
was encountered and a greater variety of interest can be ob- 
served. The proximity to Washington and Baltimore markets 
should make it possible to introduce extensive methods, which 
would greatly change the agricultural conditions of the 
region." 

Although a g-reat number of Western and European farm- 
ers have settled in Prince George's County during the past few 
years, a large proportion of its total area is still untilled and 
every possible inducement is presented to those desiring to 
buy small farms. 

Anne Arundel, in which is situated Annapolis, the capital 
of the State, has a great variety of soil. Farming is largely 
devoted to raising- fruits and vegetables. In the northern part 
of the count}^ the price of land ranges from $50 to $200 per 
acre, while in other sections it is in some cases as low as $5 
per acre. The average price is about $30. The soil in many 
portions of Anne Arundel County is identical with that of the 
famous small fruit growing county of Cumberland, New Jer- 
sey; but the climate her 3 is more favorable and offers special 



4 



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TKAIXIXC STAP.LKS IN \YIC().Mir(> COl-XTY 




CORNFIELD IN WOUCITSTER CofNTY 



State of Maryland — Bureau of Iiuiiiigratioii 49 

inducements to fruit groAvers, while the location is such that 
there is a choice of excellent cit_y markets. 

Western Maryland. 

The western section of Alaryland. wedged in hetween Penn- 
sylvania and the A'irginias, is the hill country of the State, 
where bituminous coal gives a stimulus to industry, and where 
manufacturing- operations, as well as prosperous farming, are 
carried on extensively 

The chief source of wealth in Garrett and Allegany Coun- 
ties is the coal fields and mines and timber. In the former 
county there is also cheap land and rich soil. Sheep raising- 
has already become an extensive and profitable industrv. The 
maple sugar industry is also largely prosecuted, the average 
annual crop being about 250,000 pounds. 

Allegany is chiefly a region of mining and mechanical in- 
dustr}^ Larg-e industrial establishments of all kinds are found 
here. Two-fifths of the area is woodland, which, if divided 
into small holdings, would afi:ord a fine opportunity for immi- 
grants to settle with profit. 

Washington County is a limestone region. The land is rich 
and the wheat crop is large. Great attention is paid to the 
cultivation of fruit — apples, grapes, cherries, plums and 
peaches. Throug'hout the mountain region peach orchards 
have been established, and land which previously would not 
have sold for $5 per acre has advanced to $50 and even $100 
per acre. 

In Northern and Central ^Maryland, or the counties of Wash- 
ington, Montgomery, Frederick, Howard, Baltimore and Har- 
ford, there are generally good soils, and the land is mostly 
under cultivation. In Frederick County, for instance, not only 
is the soil rich, but the county is highly improved and splen- 
didly cultiA-ated. It ranks almost first among the counties of 
the whole United States in the production of wheat; while 



50 State of Maryland — Bureau of Ininiigratioii 

the value of those products usually called "side crops" probably 
exceeds that of the wheat crop, which amounts to about 2,000,- 
000 bushels a year. Dairying, poultry breeding and fruit grow- 
ing- give variety to the farm life. The intelligent and thrifty 
farmers of this part of Maryland have highly bred cattle, 
horses, hogs and other domestic animals. 

Baltimore County is chiefly given to industries of all kinds, 
such as develop of themselves in the neighborhood of a large 
city. As to farming, it goes without saying that in a territory 
so close to a great metropolis there is a never-ceasing demand 
for farm products, so that Baltimore County farmers in the 
north have the advantage, as Anne Arundel producers have 
in the south, of a market always near at hand. 

In Carroll County dairy farming and stock raising are car- 
ried on very extensively. There is not much vacant land here, 
and the size of the farms averages about forty acres. One of 
the best in Maryland. 

In Harford County the soil is especially adapted to fruit and 
vegetable growing. Farms of from 60 to 150 acres can be 
purchased at reasonable prices. The products always find will- 
ing purchasers in the fruit and vegetable packing houses, of 
which there are 500 located in the county, and where the annual 
output of canned goods is, in favorable seasons, enormous. 
Also dairying and the raising of horses, cattle and sheep are 
profitable. 

Howard County has throughout heavy, yellow soil and 
produces good crops of wheat, corn and hay. It is a good 
locality for thrifty and industrious farmers to select for a home, 
and those who settled here within the past few years are well 
satisfied. Land can be bought at from $12 to $60 per acre. 

Along the Bay Shore. 

There are many large tidal marshes in Maryland, as might 
be expected in a territory watered like this State. The cause 



State of Maryland — Bureau of huuii;^ra{iau 51 

of their ])eing" of the richest soil to l)e found i> that the Cliesa- 
peake Bay is a great ri\er valley, recei\'ing the drainage of a 
vast area of fertile land. Every year this drainage l)rings 
down a black sediment, which is deposited on tlie marsh lands 
and enriches the soil, making it of a (|nalit\' which, with ])ropcr 
cultivation, cannot be surpassed in producti\it_\-. In their un- 
reclamied state these lands are used chiefly for grazing. 

Fisheries. 

The Chesapeake Bav is a great ri\-er x'alley ; not so large as 
that of the Xile or the Ganges, but of enough consequence to 
play an important part in human affairs and to support in 
comfort and prosperity a population as large as that of many 
famous States. It receives the drainage of a vast area of fer- 
tile land, stretching over the meadows and hillsides of nearly 
one-third of New York, and nearlv all of the great agricultural 
States of Pennsyh'ania, AIar}-land and X'irginia. 

Natural Oyster Beds. 

The most valuable part of the soil of this great tract of farm- 
ing land, more than fortv million acres in area, ultimately finds 
its wav to the bay. in whose quiet waters it makes a long halt 
on its journev to the ocean ; and it is deposited all o\'er the bay 
in the form of fine, light, black sediment known as oyster mud. 
This is just as valuable to man, and just as fit to nourish plants, 
as the mud which settles every year on the wheat and rice fields 
of Egypt. 

This alluvium is, in fact, a natural fertilizer, which sustains 
an endless varietv of microscopic plants and animals, on which 
the Chesapeake Ba^• ovster fattens and muliiplics and liecomes 
the exceptional oyster of the world for fiavor and other (|uali- 
ties. It is estimated that for sixty-six years, that is, from 
1834, when the oyster packing l)usiness was established in 



52 State of Maryland — Bureau of Iinuiigration 

Maryland, to the year igoo, upwards of 500,000,000 bushels 
of oysters were taken from the natural beds in the Chesapeake 
Bay and its tributaries for packing and shipment. Under 
proper restrictions and regulated oyster farming the Chesa- 
peake oyster supply will prove an almost boundless source of 
wealth, comfort and prosperity to many thousands of the in- 
habitants of the State. The reproductive power of the oyster 
is most wonderful, and the young- 03^sters attach themselves in 
millions to oyster shells and other refuse thrown into the water 
for that purpose. 

At present this industry occupies more than 32,000 men, and 
the annual output is about 10,000,000 bushels. The excellent 
quality of these oysters, which are raised in the Chesapeake 
Bay exclusively, assures them a rapid sale. 

Shad Fisheries. 

The fisheries of Maryland are not to be overlooked. Of 
these the most important are the shad fisheries. The gov- 
ernment of the United States and of the State have com- 
bined to aid our citizens in the prosecution of this branch 
of industry, and no ignorant local sentiment has inter- 
fered with their efl:orts, as has been the case in other lines. 
The shad, by a knowledg"e of its nature, has become, in a 
certain sense, a domestic animal and is controlled by man. 
The fully grown shad inhabit the open ocean, but each spring 
they visit our shores, enter our inlets and bays and make 
their way up to the fresh water, where they deposit their egg"s. 

Crab Catching. 

Next in importance to the oyster fisheries and the float- 
ing fish industry is crab catching. It employs a great many 
persons and adds many thousands of dollars daily, during 
the season, to the wealth of the community where this in- 





ox TiiK I'ATrxKxr ui\'i:u ix cai.nkkt ('(Mxtv 







FAinmorsr. ix caudijxf, couxty 



State of Maryland — Bureau of Imiiiigratioii 55 

dustry flourishes. Crabs are caui^iit in small boats, having 
in them onl}' one or two persons. The i^roceeds reach the 
laboring classes generally. Crabs are caught either with hand 
nets or with nets called dredges, weighed down with iron, 
which are held by rope thrown over the sides of the little craft. 

Crabs are shipped alive to Chicago, Duluth, Minneapolis, 
Denver and, we have been informed, to Portland, Oregon, 
arriving in good condition. It is necessary tliat the soft crab 
should reach its destination alive; it is then healthy and whole- 
some. If dead but a short time it is still edible, but if a long- 
time dead, the crab should not be eaten. The only guarantee 
therefore that it is fresh is to ha\'e it alive. 

Crisfield is the largest crab fishing station in the world, 
and a great deal of money changes hands at that place during 
the season for crabs. A large number of firms are engaged in 
the business, and one firm will ship from one to two thousand 
dozens of soft crabs a day. 

Big Fish in the Chesapeake. 

The sturgeon, from which caviare is made, abounds in the 
Chesapeake Bay. It is a large fish, weighing sometimes from 
50 to 200 pounds or more. The drum fish is also plentiful; 
it w'eighs from 25 to 75 pounds and is of fine flavor. The 
sheepshead, so called from the resemblance that its teeth bear 
to those of a sheep, is one of the finest fish to be found any- 
where in the world. It is quite large, weighing from 2 to 15 
pounds, and of the most delicate flavor and texture. 

Coal and Iron. 

Coal is found in large quantities in Western ]\[aryland and 
has been extensi\'ely and profitably mined ever since the be- 
ginning of the centur}'. The George's Creek Coal and Iron 
Company is the oldest corporation of the kind in the State, 



56 State of Maryland — Bureau of Iiniiiigration 

and still remains independent and prosperous. The Consoli- 
dated Coal Company has a capital of $5,000,000 and is now 
actively employed in devolping its many productive mines. 
The shipments from this region will ag'gregate from 4,000,000 
to 5,000,000 tons annually. The coal is bituminous and of 
the best quality shipped to the sea coast. 

Maryland has been a producer and exporter of iron since 
the beginning of the eighteenth century. Indeed, as far back 
as 1648 mention is made of the fact that pig iron was being 
produced in the Province at 12 per ton, and in 1681 a duty 
was placed on iron exported from the Province. 

The Maryland Steel Company, at Sparrows Point, is largely 
engaged in rolling steel rails and in the manufacture of plates, 
bridges, ships, etc. 

Copper Mines. 

Copper is also found in the State in no inconsiderable quan- 
tities. There are three veins of this ore. This first is in 
the Linganore Hills and consists of the New London and the 
Dollyhide. The second is about twenty miles east of these. 
The mines are the Springfield, near Sykesville; the Mineral 
Hill, about five miles northeast of the Springfield; and the 
Patapsco, near Finksburg. Five miles to the northeast is 
the third deposit in the Bare Hills, near Mt. Washington. 
These two, while not running now, have considerable promise 
of ore; but the low price of copper, the smallness of produc- 
tion and the cost of equipment with modern machinery have 
for years prevented them from being worked. Chrome ore 
is also found in the Bare Hills and chrome has been for years 
successfully produced. Gold has long been found, principally 
in Montgomery County, but not in profitable quantities. 



State of Maryland — Bureau of Iimnigratioii S7 

Building Stones, 

An exceedingly valual)]e granite is found in ^Maryland, chiefly 
along the Susquehanna River, near Port Deposit. A fine 
quality of granite is found near \\'oodstock, in Baltimore 
County. Fully three-fourths of the material for the fine gran- 
ite work in Baltimore has been procured from this quarry, 
while in Washington it has been extensively used in the Capitol, 
the Patent Office, the Post Office and the new Congressional 
Library. 

Sandstone, adnfirably adapted to building purposes, is found 
abundantly. A bed of Seneca red sandstone enters ]\Iaryland 
from Pennsylvania between Emmitsburg and Union Bridge, 
extending towards Point of Rocks. Another area occupies 
the southwest part of Montgomery County, on the Chesapeake 
and Ohio Canal. Extensive quarries are situated at the mouth 
of Seneca Creek in Montgomery County on the Chesapeake 
and Ohio Canal. This stone is a favorite with builders. It is 
strong and durable, easily worked and beautifully colored. 
When first quarried it is comparatively soft and susceptible of 
very delicate carving, but soon hardens on exposure. The 
Smithsonian Buildings in A\'ashington are built of this stone. 

Roofing slate is found in the famous Peach Bottom region 
in Harford County, of fine quality and in large cjuantities. 
It is also found near Ijamsville, Frederick County. 

The marbles of Maryland are famous among the building 
stones of the United States, and justly so. The finest are 
found in Baltimore County, along the belt extending from 
Lake Roland to Cockeysville, which is traversed by the North- 
ern Central Railroad. ]\Larble is extensively quarried at Texas 
and to the north of Cockeysville. The marble in the Washing- 
ton ]\Ionument in Baltimore came from the Beaver Dam cjuar- 
ries in this section. The United States government tests show 
that for durability and strength it is unequaled., It is 
used extensivelv in \A'ashington. Baltimore and Philadelphia; 



58 State of Maryland — Bureau of Iinmigration 

163,734 cubic feet of it are in the Washington Monument in 
Washington, D. C. The Metropohtan Chib, New York City, 
contains 40,000 cubic feet. The Peabody Institute, City Hall 
and Maryland Club House in Baltimore are constructed of this 
stone. 

Decorative stones of great beauty and value for building 
purposes are also found in Maryland. Some of these are 
found in Wakefield Valley, near Westminster, and near New 
Windsor and Union Bridge. We should not omit to mention 
the calico rock or Potomac marble, found near Washington 
Junction, in Frederick County. 

Cement of fine quality is manufactured at Cumberland, at 
Hancock, Sharpsburg and other places in Washington County. 

Clay of the best quality for brick making is found ni many 
localities and is highly prized for building purposes. Fire 
brick clay is also abundant, as well as that employed in making 
pottery, etc. 

Industry. 

While the rural districts of Maryland have predominantly 
an agricultural population, the State is by no means behind 
others in regard to manufacturing and other industrial enter- 
prises. According to the census of 1900, 149,069 persons, or 
12^/2 per cent, of the total population, are engaged in manu- 
facturing. In Baltimore City and the different counties of the 
State there are 9,880 manufacturing establishments, with a 
total working capital of $163,422,260. 




pi^ I rr,. 




LARGE FARM OX TIIK EASTERN SHORE 




ni 





TOBACCO IN MARYLAND 



State of Marylaiul — Bureau of I iiiiiiigralioii 6i 

'J "he following table shows how these are distributed through 
the State : 



Counties 



The whole State. 

Allegany 

Anne Arundel 

Baltimore City 

Baltimore 

Calvert 

Caroline 

Carroll 

Cecil 

Charles 

Dorchester 

Frederick 

Garrett 

Harford 

Howard 

Kent 

Montgomery 

Prince George's. . . 

Queen Anne's 

St. Mary's 

Somerset 

Talbot 

Washington 

Wicomico 

Worcester 



No. Fac- 


Work in if 


tories. 


Capital. 


9,880 


$163,422,260 


250 


6,375,175 


124 


3,012,756 


6,361 


117,869,175 


333 


16,812.468 


35 


77,721 


118 


395,577 


300 


1,672,197 


150 


1,681,081 


40 


103,730 


132 


807,845 


353 


2,386,538 


110 


1.216.655 


295 


2,001,749 


82 


1,196.441 


77 


505,151 


131 


273.805 


57 


467,471 


75 


227,692 


8 


80.162 


93 


475.641 


114 


604,621 


376 


3.107,123 


165 


1 1,503,231 


101 


1 568.255 



Xo other State in the Union possesses such an extensive 
system of natural waterways, ship canals, good country roads 
and numerous railway and electric roads as Maryland. In all 
parts of the State the settler has two or three modes of trans- 
portation at his command, and, as the freights are xcry low, 
the products of the soil can be transported at a nominal cost 
t<^ the great markets of Baltimore, Washington. A\'ilmington, 
Philadelphia, Xew \'ork and Boston, which can he reached in 
from two to eight hours. 

The steamers of the X'orth German Llo}-d maintain a regular 
weekly ser^•ice between Baltimore and Bremen, and large piers 
are now being built and arrangements for similar ser\ice are 
being made by the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Com|)any with 
several other foreign steamshi]) lines. 



6-3 State of Maryland — Bureau of luiinigra.ion 

Conclusion. 

The intending- settler in Maryland has the choice between 
mountainous, hilly and flat land ; and likewise between broken 
and unbroken land, while the prices vary according to its 
condition and the improvements made. There is no homestead 
land in the State of Maryland. 

For those who wish to avoid the hard work of breaking 
woodlands, the Eastern Shore and Western Shore offer 
abundant opportunities to procure well cultivated arable land 
with buildings, orchards and woods, in the immediate vicinity 
of navigable rivers and railways, on good roads at very 
reasonable prices, from $14 per acre upwards. 

For settlers who are accustomed to live in mountainous 
regions, the western part of Maryland has land for sale at even 
cheaper rates. 

A farmer in Maryland can, on a farm of from 40 to 60 acres 
make a better living than in the Western and Northwestern 
States on a 200 acre farm. Therefore we can conscientiously 
advise both capitalists and small farmers or families who want 
to possess a little estate of their own and devote themselves to 
agricultural pursuits, to come to Maryland and establish their 
home here. 

The man who possesses a few^ thousand dollars to purchase 
a farm in Maryland and pay cash for it is at once assured of a 
good future. But also a less favored settler, if he possesses 
only from $400 to $800, can have a good start in Maryland 
and by dint of industry and economy can attain independence 
and prosperity. 

A fact worth remembering is that families of immigrants 
when travelling to the Western, Northwestern and Southern 
States of America, have to spend from $150 to $200 for rail- 
road tickets from New York to their destination; by going to 
Maryland they can save all that money and invest it in land. 



State of Maryland — Bureau of Iiniiiii^ralion 63 

The following tables, taken from the last census of the 
United States, may be of interest to settlers: 

Maryland. 

Extreme width of State from east to west, miles 240 

Extreme lengtli of State from north to south, miles 125 

Total area of State, square miles 12,210 

Land surface of State, square miles 9,860 

Water surface of State, sqiiare miles 2,350 

Average number of persons to the square mile 120 

Incorporated villages, towns and cities in Maryland 98 

State Educational Facilities. 

Number of schools in counties of Maryland 2,357 

Number of schools in Baltimore City 176 

Number of normal schools 2 

Schools for the deaf and dumb 2 

Maryland School for the Blind 1 

High schools in the counties 51 

Manual training schools in counties 17 



64 



State of Maryland — Bureau of Immigration 



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HAPPY HOME IN KENT COUNTY 



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State of Maryland — Biircaii of lmiiiii:;ratioii 6y 

How to Reach Maryland. 

The North German Lloyd maintains a regular weekly 
service between Baltimore and Bremen. For those immigrants 
who land at New York the railway trip from there to Baltimore 
(by either the Pennsylvania or the Baltimore and Ohio Rail- 
road) lasts only a few hours and is so inexpensive that it does 
not enter into the account. 

Settlers from the Western States come via either St. Louis 
or Chicago. The best route from the eastern provinces of 
Canada is via Buffalo, N. Y. 



68 



State of Maryland — Bureau, of Immigration 



The following table gives the distance and approximate rate 
to Baltimore from various important cities : 

Miles. 1st Class. 2d Class. 



Atlanta, Ga 688 

Birmingham, Ala 802 

Bismarck, N. D 1,657 

Boston, Mass 418 

Buffalo, N. Y 402 

Charleston, S. C 551 

Cheyenne, Wyo 1,811 

Chicago, 111 802 

Cincinnati, 593 

Cleveland, 474 

Columbus, 511 

Denver, Colo 1,850 

Des Moines, la 1,158 

Detroit, Mich 653 

Galveston, Texas 1,561 

Helena, Mont 2,341 

Indianapolis, Ind 704 

Jackson, Miss 1,050 

Jacksonville, Fla 807 

Kansas City, Mo 1,211 

Little Rock, Ark 1,156 

Louisville, Ky 703 

Memphis, Tenn 969 

Milwaukee, Wis 887 

Montgomery, Ala 863 

Montreal, Canada 574 

New Orleans, La 1,150 

New York, N. Y 186 

Omaha, Neb 1,295 

Ottawa, Canada 686 

Philadelphia, Pa 96 

Phoenix, Arizona 2,700 

Pierre, S. D 1^575 

Pittsburg, Pa 333 

Portland, Oregon 3,144 

Quebec, Canada 737 

Raleigh, N. C 335 

Richmond, Va 155 

Salt Lake City, Ltah 2,372 

San Francisco, Cal 3,159 

St. Louis, Mo 934 

St. Paul, Minn 1,212 

Toledo, Ohio 595 

Washington, D. C 40 

Winnipeg, Canada 1,694 



$18 70 




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41 70 




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44 75 


$42 50 


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11 00 


9 00 


12 75 


10 00 


44 75 


41 50 


27 65 


24 50 


14 25 


13 30 


38 75 


36 25 


60 00 


52 00 


16 00 


13 00 


27 70 


23 45 


23 85 




27 75 


24 50 


27 40 


24 90 


16 00 


14 45 


24 20 


21 70 


20 05 


17 55 


23 20 




15 95 




28 70 




5 30 




30 25 


27 75 


16 65 




2 80 




72 65 


66 60 


39 05 


36 55 


8 00 




75 00 


63 00 


17 30 




9 90 




4 70 




57 75 


52 00 


77 75 


64 50 


20 25 


17 00 


29 00 


26 50 


13 50 


12 00 


1 20 




42 55 





Sfafc of Maryland — Bureau of hniuii^raliou 69 

We often receive re(|iiests for honieseekers" tickets, and in 
regard thereto, mnst say tliat we are not in a position to offer 
an3^thing- in that Hne. as the raih'oad companies are very much 
opposed to onr efforts to hring people from the West to Mary- 
land. Every farmer in the West is a good customer for the 
railroads, as all of his grain and cattle — in fact, everything 
that he has for sale — must be transported by rail to the large 
cities of the East. But farmers in Maryland, as they live close 
to markets, have to spend very little or nothing for the ship- 
ment of their produce. 

The fact that the railroad companies are always willing to 
give reduced rates and sometimes even free tickets to such 
points as are distant from markets, and will do nothing for 
people desiring to settle in Maryland, where they are within 
easy reach of half a dozen giant cities, should be a good reason 
for a prospective settler to pay his fare to investigate this State. 

In no respect is the West better than Maryland, on the con- 
trary, as we have already stated, in many particulars our State 
surpasses the Western States. Here every sense finds gratifi- 
cation. The eve is pleased with beautiful scenery — mountains 
or valleys, rocks and glades, and the broad bay and beautiful 
rivers. The mocking bird and other sweet songsters delight 
our ears; wdiile fish, game and fruits gratify the taste. The 
winter cold is moderated by the ocean and bay, and the summer 
heat is tempered by the same influence. 

Sawmills aljound here and timber is found everywhere in 
great abundance and \'ery cheap. 

To the immigrants from England. Ireland, North Germany, 
Holland and Belgium, who are accustomed to the flat lands of 
those countries, the Eastern Shore will be especially attractive ; 
while those coming from Scotland, France, Scandinavia, 
Switzerland and South Germany will be pleased with the hilly 
land of the ^^^estern Shore. No greater variety, beauty or 



70 State of Maryland — Bureau of Immigration 

excellence can be found anywhere. We can please all and we 
have room for all. 

In Maryland suitable soil, if properly cultivated, will produce 
40 bushels of wheat to the acre, and the cost, including grass 
seed, fertilizer, threshing;, etc., is $14.70. The returns from 
sale, at 70 cents per bushel, are $28 per acre and $2 additional 
for the straw. 

Under highly improved cultivation, the yield of corn is 80 
bushels per acre; the cost of production $15.40; while the 
proceeds at 45 cents per bushel, amount to $36, with $7 
additional for the fodder. 

Land properly cultivated will yield 4,000 cjuarts of straw- 
berries to an acre. The cost of production, including picking 
and delivery, amounts to $185.55; ^^e proceeds, at 7 cents a 
quart, to $280, making a net profit of $94.45 per acre. 

The tomato crop is also very profitable. The young plants 
are set out in the spring; many do this with a machine, but two 
persons can easily plant seven acres in a day by hand. The 
plants should be placed the same distance apart as in the case 
of corn and cultivated in the same manner. The canning- 
factories pay on an average $8 per ton for tomatoes, and an 
acre will produce from 6 to 10 tons, according to the cjuality 
of the soil. 

The demand for cereals is much greater than the supply, 
consequently they bring good prices at all seasons. In the 
neighborhood of the larger cities trucking and fruit growing 
are very profitably combined with poultry raising, often on 
farms of not more than five or ten acres. 

In Maryland many farmers devote part of their time very 
successfully to the culture of bees, and there is nowhere a better 
climate for the cultivation of flow^ers than that of Maryland. 
English florists, who have settled in Baltimore County daily 
send to all parts of the United States and even of Canada a 
great many large boxes of the most beautiful roses, carnations, 




A COUNTRY TLACE IN HOWARD COUNTY 





STRA\Vr.KRRIi:S AX1» OYSTKRS PUEXTIFUL 



State of Maryland — Bureau of Immigration 



/o 



violets and other choice Rowers. These men l)egan on a smaH 
scale and have been very prosperous. 

On a farm of from 40 to 60 acres a settler can, by industry 
and economy, live comfortably and attain to easv circumstances, 
if he and his family can cultivate their own land. He can 
dispose of his products with little expense, as railroad, electric 
and steamboat lines run in all directions and freight rates are 
low. A farmer who lives along- the water can ha\'e his own 
sailboat and take his products to market himself. 

No fear need be felt of blighting frosts and the farm work 
can proceed almost all the year round. We can only add that 
any self-respecting- and upright person coming here from 
another State or from abroad to settle in our midst is assured 
of a hearty welcome from Marylanders. 



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MARYLAND, 

DELAWARE AND DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, 



TUK STATK HI KKAU OK IMMIGRATION 



W T, P TURPIM 



A. r. TRAFFB 



